Monitoring and analyzing performance is an important task for any System Administrators. Disk I/O bottlenecks can bring applications to a crawl. Some of the common questions for anyone embarking on a disk I/O analysis What are IOPS? Should I use SATA, SAS, or SSD? What RAID level should I use? Is my system read or write-heavy?   Disclaimer: I do not consider myself an expert in storage or anything for that matter. This is just how I have done I/O analysis in the past. I welcome additions and corrections   What are IOPS? They are input-output (I/O)... Read More

Understanding Linux CPU Load - when one should be worried? All must be familiar with Linux load averages. Load averages are the three numbers shown with the uptime and top commands - it looks like this: load average: 0.09, 0.05, 0.01 Most administrators have a notion of what the load averages mean are the three numbers represent averages over progressively longer periods of time (one, five, and fifteen-minute averages), and that lower numbers are better. Higher numbers represent a problem or an overloaded machine. But, what's the threshold? What constitutes "good" and "bad"... Read More

Folks normally have the practice to use “kill -9 ”; to terminate any process. Many times this creates zombies process and this is true!!! My 1 cent request is to use “kill -9 ” command carefully. I’m sharing a brief difference on "Kill" & "Kill -9". Hopefully, this will be useful. “kill” command sends a kill signal to terminate any process gracefully when attached with a pid or a processname. This is the default and safest way to kill/terminate a or set of processes. “kill <pid> / <processname>” sends SIGTERM (15) – Termination signal. However, this... Read More

What is IPV6? IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4. This new version of the protocol serves the same functions as IPv4 except, it does this without the same limitations as of IPv4. IPv6 Address vs IPv4 Address IPv6 IPv4  Address length  128 bit 32 bit  No. of IP Address  2128 232  Address  representation  8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits Four numbers whose value range from 0 to... Read More